Welfare Assessment of Pack Donkeys in Amaru, Zaria Ancient City, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Abstract Donkey welfare is becoming a subject of much interest; for decades, people around the world have voiced rising worry about it. There are no studies on donkey in Nigeria. This study aimed to assess state donkeys Amaru, Zaria Ancient City, Kaduna State, A cross-sectional was done purposefully select 38 pack assessment based first level Animal Welfare Indicators (AWIN) donkeys, which covered behaviour, health, feeding, and environment housing. Information regarding age sex collected. The analysed data were reported terms frequencies percentages. prevalence with social contact, avoidance walking downside 2.6 %, 5.36 40.56 respectively. most common health problems integumentary alterations, include an unhealthy hair coat (86.8 %), skin lesions (86.6 alopecia (60.5 deep wounds (47.4 %). Only 5.3 % lame. Around 42 had body condition score 2 (moderate), while remaining 57.9 3 (ideal). poorly kept housed, as evidenced by high unsatisfactory shelter dimensions (100 dirty bedding (89.5 insufficient current found that issues serious challenges As consequence findings, it recommended welfare, policies legislative frameworks support animal inspect facilities Nigeria should be reviewed enforced.